What are these questions called and where can I find more?

They are generally referred to as hypothetical questions, but the subject areas are wide. The one in your example is basically a hypothetical question regarding ethics/values. One of the best books that poses such questions is The Book of Questions by Gregory Stock, PhD. On the link to it below, there are also other books in the section titled "Customers who bought this item also bought:" If you cannot follow the link for some reason as often happens on YA, just go to amazon books and type in the search field the book of questions gregory stock and it will take you to the page.